Nepal, officially the Federal
Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south,
east, and west by the Republic of India. With an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827
sq mi) and a population of approximately 30 million, Nepal is the world's
93rd largest country by land mass and the 41st most populous country. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the
country's largest metropolis.
Nepal has a rich
geography. The mountainous north has eight of the world's ten tallest
mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest, called Sagarmatha in Nepali. It contains more than 240 peaks over
20,000 ft (6,096 m) above sea level. The fertile and humid south is
heavily urbanized.
By some measures, Hinduism is practised by a larger majority of
people in Nepal than in any other nation. Buddhism, though a minority faith in the
country, is linked historically with Nepal. Many Nepali do not distinguish
between Hinduism and Buddhism and follow both religious traditions. There are 3
different buddhist traditions: Himalayan Buddhism, Buddhism of Kathmandu Valley
(mostly Mahayana and Vajrayana), and also the Theravada Buddhism.
A monarchy throughout most of
its history, Nepal was ruled by the Shah dynasty of kings from 1768, when Prithvi Narayan Shah unified its many
small kingdoms. However, a decade-long Civil War by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and several weeks of mass protests by
all major political parties led to the 12 point agreement of November 22, 2005.
The ensuing elections for the constituent assembly on May 28, 2008
overwhelmingly favoured the abdication of the Nepali monarch Gyanendra Shah and the
establishment of a federal multiparty representative democratic republic. The first
President of Nepal, Ram Baran Yadav, was sworn in on
July 23, 2008.